Family: Bufonidae
Common names: Campbell's forest toad / Rainforest toad
1) Distinguishing features
Size (SVL) males reach about 70mm, females about 90mm (compare with B. marinus)
Large females - dorsum is mostly brown with a bluish brown, dark brown or cream vertebral stripe, often with small, irregular, blackish dorsal blotches. Adult males paler dorsal colouration - pale greenish yellow with reddish tubercles. Sides greyish brown with dorsolateral tubercles and some intervening orange skin. Lateral and edge of mouth tubercles whitish. Limbs brown with black-bordered greyish bars. Highest portion of cranial crests black. Tips of digits are orange and iris is bronze with black reticulations. Distinct cranial crests (canthal, preocular, supraorbital, postocular, supratympanic, parietal). Parotoid gland medium in size - less than half the side of the head and triangular, tapering to a point posteriorly and extending no further than the level if the insertion of the forearm (compare with B. marinus). Lateral series of tubercles extends from posterior edge of parotoid gland to inguinal region. Limbs short and stout. Distinguishing features from B. valliceps - relatively small tympanum (less than half diameter of eye), preorbital and pretympanic crests absent or weakly developed, relatively long tibia and feet (more than 43% SVL), and orange tips to digits. Relatively smooth skin - dorsum with a few scattered tubercles dorsolaterally, snout acutely rounded in lateral view and pointed in dorsal view. Pale, conical tubercles along inner tarsus.
2) Distribution
Near sea level to 1,000m elevation. Near streams in humid rainforest. Restricted to primary forest (compare to B. valliceps). Currently known in Evergreen Broadleaf Forest and Subtropical Evergreen Forest.
3) Natural History
Probably primarily nocturnal, but may be encountered in day on darkened forest floor. Breed in small mountain streams - restricted to wet season. Call is very soft trill.